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第2节 配置实例 主要包括的是服务器端的init.ora,listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件以及客户端的tnsnames.ora文件。 针对本项目的双节点的群集设置，主要配置如下： hostname service name sid name instance_name ORACLE_HOME ======== =========== ======== ============= =============== node1 test1 rac rac1 rac1 /oracle/product/9201 node2 test2 rac rac2 rac2 /oracle/product/92012.1 init.ora所有节点的init.ora 文件必须配置如下： remote_listener='LISTENERS_RAC' rac1.local_listener="LISTENER_rac1” rac2.local_listener="LISTENER_rac2" # dispatchers="(pro=ipc)(dis=0)" db_name='rac' /**********可以不用*************/ rac1.instance_name='rac1' rac2.instance_name='rac2'2.2 show parameter 既然service_names在init.ora文件中没有规定，它缺省是db_name.db_domain。每一个节点列出它的主机名和instance_name。随着以上的设置，在你启动进程后，当你从第一个节点检查sql 会话时，你将会发现下面的信息： 1）节点一 SQL> show parameter db_name NAME TYPE VALUE db_name string rac SQL> show parameter db_domain NAME TYPE VALUE db_domain string SQL> show parameter service_names NAME TYPE VALUE service_names string rac SQL> show parameter instance_name NAME TYPE VALUE instance_name string rac1 SQL> show parameter listener NAME TYPE VALUE local_listener string LISTENER_rac1 mts_listener_address string mts_multiple_listeners boolean FALSE remote_listener string LISTENERS_RAC 2）节点二 SQL> show parameter db_name NAME TYPE VALUE db_name string rac SQL> show parameter db_domain NAME TYPE VALUE db_domain string SQL> show parameter service_names NAME TYPE VALUE service_names string rac SQL> show parameter instance_name NAME TYPE VALUE instance_name string rac2 SQL> show parameter listener NAME TYPE VALUE local_listener string LISTENER_rac2 mts_listener_address string mts_multiple_listeners boolean FALSE remote_listener string LISTENERS_RAC2.3 listener.ora test1 listener.ora file LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) )
SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/9201) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/9201) (SID_NAME = rac1) ) )
Test2 listener.ora file LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/9201) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/9201) (SID_NAME = rac2) ) )
2.4 tnsnames.ora test1—test2 and client side tnsnames.ora file LISTENERS_RAC = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2)(PORT = 1521)) ) LISTENER_RAC2 = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2)(PORT = 1521))
LISTENER_RAC1 = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1)(PORT = 1521)) RAC2 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = rac) (INSTANCE_NAME = rac2) ) ) RAC1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = rac) (INSTANCE_NAME = rac1) ) )
RAC = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2)(PORT = 1521)) (LOAD_BALANCE = on) (FAILOVER=on) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = rac) (failover_mode=(type=select)(method=basic))/********TAF使用的配置**********/ ) )
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO) ) ) // failover = (DESCRIPTION = (enable=broken) (LOAD_BALANCE = yes) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = rac) (failover_mode=(type=select)(BACKUP=cletus)(method=basic)) ) ) //2.5 配置注释1) LISTENERS_RAC, LISTENER_rac1, LISTENER_rac2是net_service_name (连接描述) for remote_listener和local_listener.在客户端,你并不需要这些参数。 2) failover 是为透明应用失败切换(TAF)测试的net_service_name 。 3) RAC 是客户端的负载平衡的 net_service_name,如果你不需要配置TAF,这有另外一种设置客户端连接负载平衡的配置方法， 下面是另外一种办法： RAC_alternative = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (LOAD_BALANCE = yes) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = rac) ) ) 注: (load_balance=yes)可以使Net程序以一种随机的顺序处理地址列表中的侦听器，平衡不同侦听器之间的负载。当被设成OFF，Net程序将以顺序的方式处理直到一个成功。这个参数必须在你的net service name (connect descriptor)正确的配置. 缺省情况下这个参数被设成ON, Load balancing能联系到ADDRESSes和DESCRIPTIONs的设置并且在ADDRESS_LIST里进行规定。如果你使用ADDRESS_LIST，(load_balance=yes)将会在(ADDRESS_LIST=)部分。如果你不使用ADDRESS_LIST, (load_balance=yes)将会在(description=)部分里，我建议不使用(ADDRESS_LIST=) 字句。 4）(failover=on)缺省是在ADDRESS_LISTs, DESCRIPTION_LISTs和一个DESCRIPTIONs的设置里，因此你不需要规定。它是作为connect-time-failover，请注意不要与透明应用切换(TAF)发生冲突。 5）(failover_mode=)：在FAILOVER_MODE参数必须包括在一个net_service_name的CONNECT_DATA部分。 6)这儿在(failover_mode=)里没有(backup=failover)， 7) There is no (backup=failover) in (failover_mode=), this 暗示着 (failover_mode=(type=select)(method=basic)(backup=failover)),它意味着无论是否failover发生，连接的会话将会切换到net_service_name又进行失败切换，当使用PRECONNECT来pre-establish连接时BACKUP应该被规定，需要详细的TAF信息，请参考Oracle官方文档。
本文转自einyboy博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/einyboy/archive/2012/11/19/2777876.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者。